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LOADHI.TEC
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1990-10-08
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ID:LH LOADHI.SYS and LOADHI.COM
Quarterdeck Technical Note
by Joe Wilder
This Technical Note was written before QEMM 5.0 was released. QEMM 5 has
new features such as OPTIMIZE that make this information less necessary.
OPTIMIZE will LOADHI TSR's and Device Drivers in the most
"Optimal" way, sometimes testing millions of different scenarios.
In addition, the new LOADHI programs are more powerful than the old,
have new parameters for determining the size of a particular TSR
or Device Driver, and can locate these items in "High Memory" with
greater specificity. Nevertheless, the information that follows
can certainly be of use in helping to understand QEMM's LOADHI systems.
The LOADHI programs are used to run resident programs and drivers in
the memory area between 640K and 1024K. This area is normally reserved
for hardware devices such as video cards, system ROM and Network
Adapters. The more devices you have, i.e. the more reserved memory
you have used, the less there will be available for using LOADHI to
load programs.
LOADHI comes in two forms:
1-LOADHI.COM is used to load resident programs high in the
AUTOEXEC.BAT or from the DOS prompt. For example to load
MOUSE.COM high you would enter "LOADHI MOUSE.COM" from the DOS
prompt or in the AUTOEXEC.BAT.
2-LOADHI.SYS is used to load programs high from the CONFIG.SYS. For
example to load ANSI.SYS high you would put a line in the CONFIG.SYS
that says "DEVICE=LOADHI.SYS ANSI.SYS".
Many new DESQview users assume that LOADHI can load TSR's and
device drivers into extended or expanded memory. This is not the
case. The only place these programs can be loaded is in free and
contiguous areas in the memory area from 640K to 1024K. Since a 64K
page frame also must be installed somewhere in this area, the
available reserved is usually fragmented into several segments.
All programs must be loaded into contiguous memory. Because of this,
you will probably have more luck loading smaller TSR's than large
ones. This varies from computer to computer and also depends on the
devices installed on the particular computer. The LOADHI program
always uses the largest area available first. For network drivers
this may not be desirable. For instance, Novell, which uses
two programs, likes to have its smaller program loaded first. To load
the smaller program first into the smaller of two areas use LOADHI
redundantly. Example; "LOADHI LOADHI IPX". The first copy of LOADHI
loads another copy of LOADHI into the first (and larger) memory area
available. The second copy of LOADHI then loads IPX into the next
largest area available. Each time LOADHI gets used it erases itself
from memory. At this point IPX is loaded into the smaller of the two
areas. The larger is now again fully available. Using a single
LOADHI to load NET3 (the second and the larger of the Novell programs)
will put it in the larger memory area. Typing LOADHI at the DOS
prompt reveals areas available for loading high.
The RAM parameter to QEMM.SYS must be invoked in order to use LOADHI
programs. This attaches some expanded memory to the unused addresses
in the reserved memory area. Once the RAM is available, programs can
be loaded there with LOADHI. Using the RAM parameter to QEMM.SYS
prevents QEMM from being turned off.
When using QEMM386 with DESQview there is one other thing to consider.
DESQview has the capability of running most of its own code in the
reserved memory area. You don't have to use the RAM parameter with QEMM
to get this feature. XDV will map expanded memory onto the available
addresses all by itself. It will then run DESQview in that memory.
DESQview can use as much as 140K of reserved memory. Loading high too
many resident programs and drivers before going into DESQview may
cause DESQview to load more of itself into the lower 640K, resulting
in no gain for the largest available window size in DESQview. If you
are running DESQview, it is therefore a good idea to avoid loading
"Pop-up" type TSR's before DESQview at all (using LOADHI or not) and
install them instead in DESQview windows, where their overhead to lower
memory can be completely overcome.
Copyright (C) 1990 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
* * * E N D O F F I L E * * *